Two batteries, one of emf 18 V and internal resistance 2 Ω, and the other of emf 12 V and internal resistance 1 Ω, are connected as shown. The voltmeter V will record a reading of:
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It is clear that the two cells oppose each other hence, the effective emf in closed circuit is 
and net resistance is 
(because in the closed circuit the internal resistances of two cells are in series).
The current in circuit will be in direction of arrow shown in figure.
The potential difference across V will be same as the terminal voltage of either cell.
Since, current is drawn from the cell of 18 volt, hence,
Similarly, current enters in the cell of 12 V hence
Hence, 
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